| Horst Pietschmann | In memoriam: Alvaro Jara (1923-1998) | 1 |
| Ana Inés Ferreyra/Beatriz Inés Moreyra | In memoriam: Carlos S. A. Segreti (1928-1998) | 3 |
Artículos - Artikel - Articles |
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| István Szászdi León-Borja | Las élites de los cristianos nuevos: alianza y vasallaje en la expansión atlántica (1485-1520) | 7 |
| Victoria Carmona/Antonio Acosta | Real Hacienda y negocios: García de Salcedo, Oficial real en Lima (l532-l556) | 33 |
| Mª José Nestares Pleguezuelo/Mª Teresa Nestares Pleguezuelo | Valoración nutricional de la dieta en los galeones de la Armada. El apresto de una escuadra de socorro con destino a Filipinas en 1619 | 63 |
| Magdalena Chocano Mena | Poder y trascendencia: la muerte del rey desde la perspectiva novohispana (s. XVI y XVII) | 83 |
| Miguel Angel Echevarría Bacigalupe | Economic Thought and the Integration of the Spanish Monarchy | 105 |
| María Andrea Nicoletti | La evangelización en las misiones norpatagónicas coloniales: ¿convertir o salvar? | 125 |
| María Susana Cipolletti | Dos escritos inéditos del jesuita Pablo Maroni sobre el Noroeste amazónico - indígenas encabellados, Tucano, 1739-40 | 151 |
| Fernando Mayorga García | El notoriado en el estado soberano de Cundinamarca | 173 |
| Magnus Roberto de Mello Pereira | O centauro desfeito. A desconstrução da cultura gaúcha no Paraná do século XIX | 197 |
| Ulrich Mücke | La desunión imaginada. Indios y nación en el Perú decimonónico | 219 |
Foro - Forum |
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| Joachim Gartz | Das "virtuelle Eldorado" - Online-Datenquellen zur iberischen und lateinamerikanischen Geschichte. Strategien, Ressourcen und Perspektiven | 235 |
| Enrique Otte | La red comercial de los Corzo en la expansión atlántica | 257 |
| Eduardo Cavieres F. | Medir y pensar la historia | 265 |
| Ursula Ewald | Gardens and Horticulture in the Americas: An Analysis of Divergent Development between Angloamerica and Latin America | 271 |
| Monica Juneja | Engel im Herrscherbild: Zur Assimilation abendländischer Motive in der höfischen Miniaturmalerei Indiens im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert | 295 |
| Silke Hensel | Race versus Class: The Historiography on Social Inequality in Mexico and the United States | 325 |
| Andrea Ruiz-Esquide Figueroa | Chilean Rural Labor in the Nineteenth Century. A Historiographical Essay | 349 |
| Manuela Cantón Delgado | Anti-antizapatismo | 377 |
| Horst Pietschmann | A propósito de William B. Taylor, Magistrates of the Sacred. Priests and Parishioners in Eighteenth-Century Mexico. Stanford, California 1996 | 389 |
Abstracts |
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Las élites de los cristianos nuevos: alianza y vasallaje en la expansión atlántica (1485-1520) |
7 |
| The following article refers to the different patterns of integration
and assimilation previous to the Discovery of the New World in the Atlantic
region. The Portuguese experience in Africa as well as the Castilian one
in the conquest and conversion of heathens were prior to the occupation
of the West Indies. In the same way the author has studied the attempt
of peaceful integration that took place in the first years of the Spanish
settlement.
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Real Hacienda y negocios: García de Salcedo, Oficial Real en Lima (l532-l556) |
33 |
| In the context of the expansion of mercantile capitalism and the transformation
of the state during the sixteenth century, this article focuses on the
tensions between private interests and those of the Castilian Crown, particularly
the work of the Royal Treasury (Real Hacienda) during the conquest. It
examines the case of one of the first royal officials in Peru. The violation
of state norms by administrative agents of the monarchy has been treated
by different authors from different perspectives. The reason for returning
to this issue here consists in observing it as a strategy combined with
other mechanisms of profit extraction in the process of the conquest and
in economic activities in commercial and agrarian sectors.
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Valoración nutricional de la dieta en los galeones de la Armada. El apresto de una escuadra de socorro con destino a Filipinas en 1619 |
63 |
| El presente trabajo es fruto de una colaboración interdisciplinar.
Los autores se dedican, respectivamente, a la investigación en las
áreas de Historia de América y Fisiología Digestiva
y Nutrición.
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Poder y trascendencia: la muerte del rey desde la perspectiva novohispana (s. XVI y XVII) |
83 |
| This article is based on an analysis of funeral sermons and speeches,
as well as on accounts on funeral ceremonies, published in New Spain, between
1600 and 1700, in honour of the Habsburg kings and members of that royal
house. Through these sources it aims to explain how factors of cultural
cohesion and legitimacy operated connecting the local society with the
Spanish colonial system. The discourse on death is not considered here
as an anomalous ingredient of the Baroque cosmovision, but as an element
of the political culture of that time. This article highlights that funeral
expressions tried to smooth out potential conflicts between a Christian-based
ideology of spiritual equality and entrenched notions of social inequality.
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Economic Thought and the Integration of the Spanish Monarchy |
105 |
| Charles V left his son Philip II a varied plurality of territories.
Over many years Philip II succeeded in preserving the greater part of his
empire from attacks by other powers. Nonetheless, the solidification of
the structure of the Monarchy permitted an internal struggle between influential
groups hungry for power. This article is interested in the creation of
an ideology which would simultaneously advance the unification and the
economic wellbeing of the Spanish Monarchy from 1590 to 1640.
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La evangelización en las misiones norpatagónicas coloniales: ¿convertir o salvar? |
125 |
| The jesuit mission of the Nahuel Huapi (1669-1717), and the franciscan
mission of Santa María del Pilar de Rainleuvú (1758-59) developed
in the North Patagonia (Neuquén). Both missions were part of the
missionary project which was carried out by jesuits and franciscans in
the Chilean Araucanía. The Poyas Indians from the Nahuel Huapi and
the Pehuenches Indians from Santa María del Pilar de Rainleuvú
resisted to convert to the Christian faith, so the missionaries decided
to change the original methodology.
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Dos escritos inéditos del jesuita Pablo Maroni sobre el Noroeste amazónico - indígenas encabellados, Tucano, 1739-40 |
151 |
| With the conquest of their habitat, the Indian societies east of the
Andes fall under the administration of the Province of Maynas (parts of
Peru and Ecuador). The most important sources about these societies in
the 17th and 18th centuries were written by Jesuits, which founded also
a considerable number of missions. The local groups of the western Tucanoans
proved to be one of the most resistent against evangelisation. They are
subject of two unpublished documents written by the jesuit Pablo Maroni,
which are analysed here. As one of them has not been signed, diverse arguments
are provided here to prove his authorship.
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El notoriado en el estado soberano de Cundinamarca |
173 |
| From 1810 a number of provisions were sanctioned modifying the Indian-Hispanic
law then in force in the now current territory of the Republic of Colombia.
Even though such modifications changed the constitution of the State, the
remaining legal fields, among those the notarial norms, were only amended
partially and gradually. This article analyses how the State of Cundinamarca,
empowered with full competence by virtue of the Constitutions of 1858 and
1863, ruled the matter from the very beginning until the constitutional
and legal unification of Colombia in 1886.
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O centauro desfeito. A desconstrução da cultura gaúcha no Paraná do século XIX |
197 |
| During the 18th and 19th centuries, in the cattle raising region of
Southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, a way of life was enforced, which
became known as the "gaucho" culture. After the independences, the local
elites, while adopting European behavior and cultural standards, began
to fight the "gaucho" culture as rough. In the Brazilian State of Paraná,
the local elite managed to get rid of them. Notwithstanding, towards the
end of the 19th century, what was considered uncivilized, began to be regarded
as lost traditions deserving to be recovered by folklorists.
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La desunión imaginada. Indios y nación en el Perú decimonónico |
219 |
| This article examines the way Indians and the nation were imagined
in nineteenth-century Peru. It argues that the discourse on Indians was
of great importance to the liberal understanding of the nation. The inclusion
of the Incan Empire into the nation's past gave the young republic a long
history and justified its independence from Spain by highlighting the Indians'
liberation from colonial oppression. The exploitation and marginalization
of Indians in republican Peru was seen as proof of the persistence of backwardness
which had to be overcome through modernization. The view of the Indians
as excluded from the nation continues to dominate, although the understanding
of what an Indian is has changed. At the end of the article, I examine
the way in which changing views on Indians were incorporated into the old
image of the nation.
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Das "virtuelle Eldorado" - Online-Datenquellen zur iberischen und lateinamerikanischen Geschichte. Strategien, Ressourcen und Perspektiven |
235 |
| The crisis of information which we are facing today is a problem that
has been caused by computers, and at the same time, can only be solved
by computers. We have already reached the point of no return. At the first
look the brave new Data World promises a lot to the scientist searching
for information about Latin American History but on the other hand, it
is easy to get "lost in cyberspace". The following article serves as constructive
introduction in order to provide the cognitive tools and digital instruments
to find individual ways to explore the net and to use the information ressources
of the Web more efficiently. Not as a substitute but as a complementary
instrument to traditional methods of the historian, the internet offers
new perspectives to deal with information about Latin American History
within the world wide scientific community.
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La red comercial de los Corzo en la expansión atlántica |
257 |
| Enriqueta Vila has written two outstanding books, the second of which,
on the Seville merchants Corzo, fits in admiringly well in the new topic
of "commercial networks in the Atlantic Expansion". Her main hero Juan
Antonio Corzo Vicentelo was the greatest merchant of Seville of his time.
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Medir y pensar la historia |
265 |
| A survey on latest Chilean historiography and the influence of Alvaro
Jara.
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Gardens and Horticulture in the Americas: An Analysis of Divergent Development between Angloamerica and Latin America |
271 |
| This article draws attention to the differences between Latin American
and Angloamerican gardens, gardening and horticulture. From an aesthetic
point of view, gardens and parks in Latin America may look beautiful. However,
they are often deficient as regards horticulture. The negative consequences
of this phenomenon range from less ecological consciousness and fewer amenities
to the lack of both scientific and practical training in horticulture,
and the loss of economic opportunities. History, be it the sophisticated
Mesoamerican gardening, or the colonial heritage, and psychological attitudes
might explain these patterns.
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Engel im Herrscherbild: Zur Assimilation abendländischer Motive in der höfischen Miniaturmalerei Indiens im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert |
295 |
| This paper seeks to examine the encounter between European and non-European
cultures as a two-way, dynamic process in which the colonized non-European
culture, though ostensibly a recipient of "outside influences", is rarely
ever a passive element in this relationship. The structure and forms of
one such encounter are brought into focus through a case study of miniature
painting at the Mughal court in North India during the 16th and 17th centuries,
and the ways in which it responded to European art forms and motifs. What
were the factors and processes shaping the selective appropriation, reworking
and assimilation of Christian iconography and the Renaissance principles
within the structures of Mughal art?
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Race versus Class: The Historiography on Social Inequality in Mexico and the United States |
325 |
| This essay focuses on the historiography of social inequality in Mexico
and the United States. For both countries race and class are central concepts.
While Mexican historiography is mainly concerned with the question of when
the category of class became more important than race, US historiography
concentrates to a large extent on the question of how race influenced the
social status. Only recently has the concept of race itself come into better
focus, a development which would have happened earlier had more scholarly
interactions taken place between Latin American and US researchers.
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Chilean Rural Labor in the Nineteenth Century. A Historiographical Essay |
349 |
| This article examines the historiography of the rural working people
in 19th century Chile. Authors discussing the topic from the 1830s to the
present are examined. The first section is a general overview of the literature.
The different works are divided into three main periods, according to their
methodological approaches to the issue of rural labor. The second section
presents a more in depth analysis of the works, focusing on how they have
approached the topics of diversity, dynamism and integration of the rural
workers. Finally, it concludes with some general remarks indicating what
future research tendencies may bring.
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Anti-antizapatismo |
377 |
| This essay suggests to reflect on the polarization of opinions in post-zapatist
Chiapas and the fear that hinders us to reject something without involving
us with what this something rejects. The generalization of violence in
Chiapas, the mediatic and postmodern novelty of the discourses coming from
the EZLN, the controversial figure of subcomandante Marcos and the romantic
interpretation of this revolution by many Europeans are among the arguments
that have led some Mexican and foreign intelectuals to tackle about the
new idealization of Indian's life that Zapatism presumably is contributing
to. Perhaps at the cost of oblivion of the most basic: The situation of
misery, racism, and discrimination which has turned Chiapas into an extension
of neighboring Guatemala and which is the principal reason for the revolt.
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